When is it time to start planting? Key considerations for a strong start

“The decision to plant should be guided in large part by soil temperature, the extended weather forecast and equipment readiness,” says Tony Lenz, technical agronomist for Stine^· Seed Company. “All play important roles in achieving strong emergence and early-season growth.”

For starters, while planting may still be several weeks away, it’s never too early to get your equipment in check.

Equipment readiness

“A successful start isn’t just about the right timing — it’s also about having your equipment in top shape to avoid costly breakdowns when planting conditions are optimal,” says Lenz.

Stine agronomists recommend system checks to ensure your equipment is ready to hit the field this spring.

• Inspect planters for wear and tear — ensure depth settings, closing wheels and seed meters are functioning properly.
• Check tires, hydraulics and electrical connections to prevent in-field delays.
• Calibrate monitors and seed meters for accurate planting populations and spacing.
• Assess field conditions. Avoid working in soils that are too wet, as compaction can negatively impact root development.

Once your equipment is ready and warmer weather is on the horizon, it’s time to start monitoring soil temps.

Soil temperature: The foundation of germination

Soil temperature is one of the most important factors when determining the right time to plant.

• Corn requires a minimum soil temperature of 50°F for proper germination, along with warm, consistent conditions in the forecast to encourage even emergence.
• Soybeans can tolerate slightly cooler conditions but prefer temperatures over 50°F for optimal germination. Cold stress at planting can lead to reduced vigor and poor stand establishment.

Soil temps should be measured at a 4-inch depth with each sample. Ideally, they should be taken in the early morning to get an accurate reading of overnight lows.

The extended forecast

“Even if soil temperatures are ideal for a day or two, growers need to take into account the extended weather forecast to confirm steady or warming conditions,” says Lenz.  

A cold snap or excessive moisture after planting can stress seedlings, slow emergence and increase the risk of seedling diseases.

• If a cold front or heavy rainfall is expected within 24–48 hours of planting, it may be wise to hold off. This is especially true when the water and soil temps are less than 50°F, which can lead to chilling injury.
• Soil temps should consistently measure 50°F degrees for a few days before planting, and the extended weather forecast should be on the warming trend so that soil temps do not dip below that mark.

When it comes to planting, patience pays off. Waiting for optimal conditions — consistent soil temps, a favorable forecast and well-maintained equipment — helps ensure uniform emergence and a strong start to the growing season.